Bugs for Growers — Symbiotic bacteria

Table 4. Described Steinernema species and their symbiotic bacterial species in the genus, Xenorhabdus.

Steinernema Species	Associated Xenorhabdus species
Neosteinernema longicurvicauda	Undescribed
Steinernema abbasi	Undescribed
S. aciari	Undescribed
S. affine	Xenorhabdus bovienii (Akhurst 1983) Akhurst and Boemare 1993
S. akhursti	Undescribed
S. anatoliense	Undescribed
S. apuliae	Undescribed
S. arenarium	X. kozodoii Tailliez, Pagès, Ginibre & Boemare, 2006
S. ashiuense	Undescribed
S. asiaticum	Undescribed
S. australe	X. magdalenensis Tailliez, Pages, Edgington, Tymo, and Buddie, 2012
S. backanense	Undescribed
S. beddingi	Undescribed
S. bicornutum	X. budapestensis Lengyel, Lang, Fodor, Szállás, Schumann, Stackebrandt, 2005
S. boemarei	Undescribed
S. brazilense	Undescribed
S. carpocapsae	X. nematophila (Poinar and Thomas 1965) Thomas and Poinar 1979
S. caudatum	Undescribed
S. ceratophorum	Undescribed
S. cholashanense	Undescribed
S. colombiense	Undescribed
S. costaricense	Undescribed
S. cubanum	X. poinarii (Akhurst 1983) Akhurst and Boemare 1993
S. cumgarense	Undescribed
S. diaprepesi	Undescribed
S. eapokense	Undescribed
S. ethiopiense	Undescribed
S. feltiae	X. bovienii (Akhurst 1983) Akhurst and Boemare 1993
S. glaseri	X. poinarii (Akhurst 1983) Akhurst and Boemare 1993
S. guangdongense	Undescribed
S. hebeiense	Undescribed
S. hermaphroditum	X. griffiniae Tailliez, Pagès, Ginibre & Boemare, 2006
S. ichnusae	Undescribed
S. intermedium	X. bovienii (Akhurst 1983) Akhurst and Boemare 1993
S. jollieti	Undescribed
S. karii	Undescribed
S. khoisanae	Undescribed
S. kraussei	X. bovienii (Akhurst 1983) Akhurst and Boemare 1993
S. kushidai	X. japonica Nishimura et al. 1995
S. leizhouense	Undescribed
S. litorale	Undescribed
S. loci	Undescribed
S. longicaudum	Undescribed
S. monticolum	Undescribed
S. neocurtillis	Undescribed
S. oregonense	Undescribed
S. pakistanense	Undescribed
S. phyllophagae	Undescribed
S. puertoricense	X. romanii Tailliez, Pagès, Ginibre & Boemare, 2006
S. puntauvense	Undescribed
S. rarum	X. szentirmaii Lengyel, Lang, Fodor, Szállás, Schumann, Stackebrandt, 2005
S. riobrave	X. cabanillasii Tailliez, Pagès, Ginibre & Boemare, 2006
S. ritteri	Xenorhabdus sp
S. robustispiculum	Undescribed
S. sangi	Undescribed
S. sasonense	Undescribed
S. scapterisci	X. innexi Lengyel, Lang, Fodor, Szállás, Schumann, Stackebrandt, 2005
S. scarabaei	X. koppenhoeferi Tailliez, Pagès, Ginibre & Boemare, 2006
S. serratum	X. ehlersii Lengyel, Lang, Fodor, Szállás, Schumann, Stackebrandt, 2005
S. siamkayai	X. stockiae Tailliez, Pagès, Ginibre & Boemare, 2006
S. sichuanense	X. bovienii (Akhurst 1983) Akhurst and Boemare 1993
S. silvaticum	Undescribed
S. tami	Xenorhabdus sp
S. texanum	Undescribed
S. thanhi	Undescribed
S. thermophilum	X. indica Somvanshi, Lang, Ganguly, Swiderski, Saxena, & Stackebrandt 2006
S. websteri	Undescribed
S. weiseri	Undescribed
S. xinbinense	Undescribed
S. xueshanense	Undescribed
S. yirgalemense	Undescribed
Steinernema sp	X. doucetiae Tailliez, Pagès, Ginibre & Boemare, 2006
Steinernema sp	X. hominickii Tailliez, Pagès, Ginibre & Boemare, 2006
Steinernema sp	X. mauleonii Tailliez, Pagès, Ginibre & Boemare, 2006
Steinernema sp	X. miraniensis Tailliez, Pagès, Ginibre & Boemare, 2006

 

Literature:

Edding ton, S., Buddie, A.G., Tymo, L., Hunt, D.J., Nguyen, K.B., France, A.I., Merino, L.M. and Moore, D. 2009. Steinernema australe n. sp. (Panagrolaimorpha: Steinernematidae) a new entomopathogenic nematodefrom Isla Magdalena, Chile. Nematology 11: 699-717. Hazir, S., Stock, S. P. and Keskin, N. 2003. A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema anatoliense. n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), from Turkey. Systematic Parasitology 55: 211-220. Lee, M. M., Sicard, M., Skeie, M, and Stock, S. P. 2009. Steinernema boemarei n. sp. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern France. Systematic Parasitology 72: 127-141. Lopez Nunez, J.C., Plichta, K., Gongora-Botero, C. and Stock, S.P. 2008. A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema colombiense n. sp. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) from Colombia. Nematology 10: 561-574. Luc, P. V., Nguyen, K.B., Reid, A.P. and Spiridonov, S.E. 2000. Steinernema tami sp. n. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) From Cat Tien Forest, Vietnam. Russian Journal of Nematology 8:33-43. Ma, J., Chen, S., De Clercq, P., Waeyenberge, L., Han, R. and Moens, M. 2012. A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema xinbinense n. sp. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), from north China. Nematology 14:723-739. Mracek, Z. Qi-Zhi, L. and Nguyen, K.B. 2009. Steinernema xueshanense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new species of entomopathogenic nematode from the province of Yunnan, southeast Tibetan Mts., China. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 102: 69-78. Nguyen, K. B. and Smart, Jr., G.C.  1990. Steinernema scapterisci n. sp. (Steinernematidae: Nematoda). Journal of nematology 22:187-199. Nguyen, K. B. and Smart, Jr., G.C. 1992. Steinernema neocurtillis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and a key to species of the genus Steinernema. Journal of Nematology 24: Nguyen, K. B. and Smart, Jr., G.C. 1994. Neosteinernema longicurvicauda n. gen. n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a parasite of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes (Koller). 1994. Journal of Nematology 26:162-174. Nguyen, K. B., and Duncan, L.W. 2002. Steinernema diaprepesi n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). a parasite of the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Nematology 34:159-170. Nguyen, K.B. and Buss, E.A. 2011. Steinernema phyllophagae n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Florida, USA. Nematology 13: 425-442. Nguyen, K.B., Ginarte C. M.A, Leite, L.G., dos Santo, J.M. and Harakava, R. 2010. Steinernema brazilense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) a new entomopathogenic nematode from Moto Grosso, Brazil. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 103: 8-20. Nguyen, K.B., Malan, A.P. and Gozel, U. 2006. Steinernema khoisanae n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa. Nematology 8: 157-175. Nguyen, K.B., Puza, V. and Mracek, M. 2008. Steinernema cholashanense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) a new species of entomopathogenic nematodes from the province of SichuanCholachan mountains, China. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 97: 251-264. Nguyen, K.B., Qiu, L., Zhou, Y. and Pang, Y. 2006. Steinernema leizhouense sp. n.  (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China. Russian Journal of Nematology 14:101-118. Nguyen, K.B., Stuart, R.J, Andalo, V., Gozel, U. and Roger, M.E. 2007. Steinernema texanum n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) a new entomopathogenic nematode from Texas, USA. Nematology 9, 379-396. Nguyen, K.B., Tesfamariam, M., Gozel, U., Gaugler, R. and Adams, B.J. 2005. Steinernema yirgalemense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Ethiopia. Nematology 6:839-856. Qiu, L, Fang Y.U., Zhou, Y., Pang, Y. and Nguyen K. B. 2004. Steinernema guangdongense sp. n.  (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum (nomen nudum). Zootaxa 704:1-20. Qiu, L, Hu, X., Zhou, Y., Mei, S., Nguyen, K. B. and Pang, Y.  2005. Steinernema akhursti sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) from Yunan, China. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 90:151-160. Qiu, L, Hu, X., Zhou, Y., Pang, Y. and Nguyen, K. B. 2005. Steinernema beddingi n. sp. (Nematoda:Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematodes from Yunan, China. Nematology 7:737-749. Qiu, L., Yan, X., Nguyen, K.B. and Pang, Y. 2005. Steinernema aciari sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Guangdong, China. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 88:58-69. Somvanshi, V.S., Lang, E., Ganguly, S., Swiderski, J., Saxena, A.K. and Stackebrandt, E. 2006. A novel species of Xenorhabdus, family Enterobacteriaceae: Xenorhabdus indica sp. nov., symbiotically associated with entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema thermophilum Ganguly and Singh, 2000. Systemic and Applied Microbiology 29: 519-25. Stock, S. P. and Hunt, D. J., 2005, Morphology and systematics of nematodes used in biocontrol. In: Nematodes as biocontrol agents. Grewal, P. S., Ehlers, R.-U. and Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. (Eds.). CABI Publishing,UK. pp. 3-43. Stock, S.P., Choo, H.Y. and Kaya, H.K. 1996. A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema monticolum sp. n. (Rhabitida: Steinernematidae) from Korea. Nematologica 43: 15-29. Stock, S.P. Griffin, C.T. and Chaenari, R. 2004. Morphological and molecular characterization of Steinernema hermaphroditum n. sp. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), an entomopathogenic nematode from Indonesia, and its phylogenetic relationship with other closely related taxa.  Nematology 6: 401-412. Stock, S.P. and Koppenhöfer, A.M. 2003. Steinernema scarabaei n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a natural pathogen of scarab beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from New Jersey. Nematology 5: 191-204. Stock, S.P., Samsook, V. and Reid, A. P. 1998. A new entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema siamkayai sp. n.  (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Thailand.  Systematic Parasitology 41: 105-113. Tamiru, T., Waeyenberge, L., Hailu, T., Ehlers, R.-U., Půža, V., Mráček, Z. 2012.  Steinernema ethiopiense sp. n. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Ethiopia. Nematology 14: 741- 757. Tarasco, E., Mracek, Z., Nguyen, K.B. and Trigiani, O. 2008. Steinernema ichnusae sp. n. (Nematode: Steinernematidae) a new entomopathogenic nemarode from Sardinia Island (Italy). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 99: 173-185. Uribe-Lorio, L., Mora, M. and Stock, S. P. 2007. Steinernema costaricense n. sp. and Steinernema puntauvense n.sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), two new entomopathogenic nematodes from Costa Rica. Systematic Parasitology. 68: 167-172.  

Table 3. Described species of Heterorhabditis nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria species in the genus, Photorhabdus.

Heterorhabditis Species  Associated Photorhabdus species Heterorhabditis amazonensis Undescribed H. argentinensis Photorhabdus temperata H. atacamensis Undescribed H. bacteriophora  P. luminescens subspecies including. laumondii TT01,  kayaii, thracensis H. baujardi P. luminescens H. beicherriana Undescribed H. brevicaudis P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii H. downesi  Photorhabdus sp H. floridensis Undescribed H. georgiana P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii H. gerrardi P. asymbiotica  H. hambletoni Undescribed H. hawaiiensis P. luminescens H. heliothidis Undescribed H. hepialius P. luminescens H. hoptha  Undescribed H. indica P. luminescens H. marelata  P. luminescens H. megidis P. temperata subsp. temperata Xl Nach H. mexicana Undescribed H. noenieputensis Undescribed H. poinari  Photorhabdus sp H. safricana Undescribed H. sonorensis P. luminescens subsp. sonorensis H. taysearae Undescribed H. zealandica  P. temperata

 

Literature:

Andalo, V., Nguyen, K. B. and Moino, Jr., A. 2006. Heterorhabditis amazonensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) from Amazonas, Brazil. Nematology 8, 853-867. Edgington, S., Buddie, A. G., Moore, D., France, A., Merino, L. and Hunt, D. J. 2011. Heterorhabditis atacamensis n. sp (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from the Atacama Desert, Chile. Journal of Helminthology 85: 381-394. Hsieh, F.C., Tzeng, C.Y., Tseng, J.T., Tsai, Y.S., Meng, M.H. and Kao, S.S. 2009.  Isolation and Characterization of the Native Entomopathogenic Nematode, Heterorhabditis brevicaudis, and its Symbiotic Bacteria from Taiwan.  Current Microbiology. 58: 564-570. Li, X.Y., Liu, Q.Z., Nermut, J., Puza, V. and Mracek, Z. 2012. Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from the Shunyi district of Beijing, China. Zootaxa  Issue: 3569: 25-40. Malan, A.P., Knoetze, R. and Tiedt, L. 2012. Heterorhabditis noenieputensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa. Journal of Helminthology 12:1-13. Malan, A.P., Nguyen, K.B., de Waal, J.Y. and Tiedt, L. 2008. Heterorhabditis safricana n. sp (Rhabditida : Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa. Nematology 10: 381-396. Nguyen, K.B., Gozel, U., Koppenhofer, H. S. and Adams, B. J. 2006. Heterorhabditis floridensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) from Florida. Zootaxa 1177: 1-19. Nguyen, K.B., Shapiro-Ilan, D. and Mbata, G. 2008. Heterorhabditis georgiana n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Georgia, USA. Nematology10, 433-448. Nguyen, K.B., Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., Stuart, R.J., MCCoy, C.W., James, R.R. and Adams, B.J. 2004. Heterorhabditis mexicana n. sp. (Heterorhabditidae: Rhabditida) from Tamaulipas, Mexico with morphological studies of bursa of Heterorhabditis spp. Nematology 6:231-244. Orozco, R.A., Hill, T. and Stock, S.P. 2013.  Characterization and phylogenetic relationships of Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. sonorensis (gamma-Proteobacteria: Enterobacteriaceae), the bacterial symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis sonorensis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae). Current Microbiology 66: 30-39. Phan, K.L., Subbotin, S.A., Nguyen, N.C. and Moens, M. 2003. Heterorhabditis baujardi sp n. (Rhabditida : Heterorhabditidae) from Vietnam and morphometric data for H-indica populations.  Nematology 5: 367-382. Plichta, K.L., Joyce, S.A., Clarke, D., Waterfield, N. and Stock, S.P. 2009.  Heterorhabditis gerrardi n. sp (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae): the hidden host of Photorhabdus asymbiotica (Enterobacteriaceae: gamma-Proteobacteria). Journal of Helminthology.83: 309-320. Poinar, G.O. 1975. Description and biology of a new insect parasitic rhabditoid, Heterorhabditis-bacteriophora n-gen, n-sp (rhabditida, heterorhabditidae n-fam). Nematologica 21: 463-470. Poinar, G. O., Jr., T. Jackson, and M. Klein. 1987. Heterorhabditis megidis sp. n. (Heterorhabditidae: Rhabditida) parasitic in the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera), in Ohio. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 54:53-59. Stock, S. P. and Hunt, D. J., 2005, Morphology and systematics of nematodes used in biocontrol. In: Nematodes as biocontrol agents. Grewal, P. S., Ehlers, R.-U. and Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. (Eds.). CABI Publishing,UK. pp. 3-43. Stock, S.P., Rivera-Orduno, B. and Flores-Lara, Y. 2009. Heterorhabditis sonorensis n. sp (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a natural pathogen of the seasonal cicada Diceroprocta ornea (Walker) (Homoptera: Cicadidae) in the Sonoran desert. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 100: 175-184.